Part Two

Part II of The Impact of AIDS provides summaries of selected studies referred to in earlier chapters. For each study, the summary gives a brief overview of the objectives and results of the research. Much of the usefulness of the results depends on how a study was carried out. The summaries give information about the methodology , the size of the sample and whether it was representative, whether a control group was used and how the analysis was performed. The country or countries examined are shown, as are outcomes of interest and key results. Some literature reviews are also included. The studies presented here are by no means an exhaustive review of work on the impact of HIV/AIDS. The volume of research under way means that results of studies are being published with great frequency. Some of the studies cited, such as conference papers and preliminary reports on ongoing research, have not yet been published, and others exist only in electronic form or in the grey literature. The summaries are arranged according to the order of chapters in the report, beginning with households and ending with impacts on economic growth. Summary: The study analysed the relationship between orphan status, household wealth and child school enrolment using data collected in the 1990s from 28 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean and Southeast Asia. Examples were found of large differentials in enrolment by orphan status, but in most cases the gap between children from richer and poorer households was more dominant. The gender enrolment gap was not substantially different from the gap between girls and boys whose parents were living. The enormous diversity across countries underscores the need to assess the specific country situation before considering mitigation measures. Study area: Nationally representative samples from 34 Demographic and Health Surveys and five Living Standards Surveys. Methodological approach: For asset ownership and housing characteristics: principal components analysis; for wealth status, orphanhood and enrolment status: regressions. Control group: Orphans compared with other children in the general population. Outcomes studied: Prevalence of orphans in 28 countries; wealth status of households with orphans ; relationship between orphanhood and school enrolment; school gender gap. Key results: In all countries, there were more paternal than maternal orphans, and some countries had two or three times as many paternal orphans. Only a small percentage of children aged 7-14 were two-parent orphans, ranging from 0.2 per cent in the …